泰西50軼事(二十二之二):阿特里的鐘 江銘輝 五夢網
阿特里的鐘簡介
一、阿特里位置
二、阿特里的鐘
“阿特里的鐘”是“西西里(Sicilian)的傳說”,是一個路邊客棧故事的第二部分。這本書的第一部分首次出版於1863年出版,而第二部分則在1872年出版。本書講是一個傳統的故事,它可以追溯到著名的喬叟(Chaucer)和薄伽丘(Boccaccio)一個接一個的寬待路過講故事的客人開始。
亨利·沃茲沃思·朗費羅(Henry Wadsworth Longfellow:1807年2月27日-1882年3月24日,圖2),是美國的詩人、翻譯家。
1920年10月16日在人文教育視覺的歷史是一個重要的日子。這天由美國人文教育協會( AHES )製作的阿特里的鐘的電影,第一次公開放映。這部電影在波士頓埃克塞特劇院(Exeter Theater)放映,觀看的有許多的學生和他們的老師。
阿特里的鐘的電影是根據朗費羅阿特里的鐘製作的。這首詩早已被用來宣傳動物的友好和正義,但由於視覺媒體廣泛的受到大眾欣賞的力量,這個改編故事的電影,受到預想不到的效果。
朗費羅的詩講述了一個被遺棄的馬,牠很幸運生活在一個有社會正義的村莊的故事。
在這個村子的中央置一口鐘,當有不正義事件時,就會被敲響。根據朗費羅的故事,當大家聽到鐘聲時,村民們就會聚集在一起,以幫助解決糾紛。在詩中,說一隻飢餓的馬在牠尋找食物時,開始嗑繫在鐘上的繩子,就這樣鐘發出了有不公正的事件聲響。當然,這個不公平的案件,是發生在一個騎士身上,他曾經發誓要照顧他所愛的馬,在鐘的現場雲集“一群吵雜的人群”,有人見證有個騎士曾驕傲地騎這匹馬,因此村裡的人命令這個騎士要“安享這匹馬的晚年,並提供馬廄、食物和牧場。
朗費羅有關阿特里的鐘,詩的內容如下:
At Atri in Abruzzo, a small town
在阿布魯佐的阿特里小鎮
Of ancient Roman date, but scant renown,
古羅馬時代,雖然沒有什麼聲名,
One of those little places that have run
但其中一個小地方開始繁榮
Half up the hill, beneath a blazing sun,
在半上山,烈日下,
And then sat down to rest, as if to say,
然後坐下來休息,好像在說,
"I climb no farther upward, come what may," –
“不論發生什麼事情,我不向上爬了,”
The Re Giovanni, now unknown to fame,
這個李‧喬瓦尼,現在沒有人知道他的名字,
So many monarchs since have borne the name,
因此,許多君主,因這個名字而誕生。
Had a great bell hung in the market-place,
有一個大鐘懸掛在市場這個地方。
Beneath a roof, projecting some small space
一個屋頂的下方,一些突出的小空間。
By way of shelter from the sun and rain
由來自遮住太陽和雨的方式。
Then rode he through the streets with all his train,
然後,然後他騎馬同他的所有隨從經過街道,
And, with the blast of trumpets loud and long,
並且,隨著響亮和長久的喇叭聲,
Made proclamation, that whenever wrong
任何時候有不公正的事情發生,都做宣講,
The great bell in the square, and he, the King,
在廣場上的大鐘,和國王,
Would cause the Syndic to decide there on.
不公的事件,都由地方長官來決定。
Such was the proclamation of King John
這個方法是由約翰國王宣布的。
How swift the happy days in Atri sped,
如何迅速使阿特里的幸福日子加快,
What wrongs were righted, need not here be said.
糾正了什麼不公正的事,不要在這裡被提起。
Suffice it that, as all things must decay,
這件事就這樣安然下去,但所有的事情必定有衰變的時候,
The hempen rope at length was worn away,
那亞麻繩子最後被磨損了,
Unraveled at the end, and, strand by strand,
一股又一股的從盡頭散開了,
Loosened and wasted in the ringer's hand,
從鐘的把柄,開始鬆開了,無法敲打,
Till one, who noted this in passing by,
直到一個從這裡經過的人看到,
Mended the rope with braids of briony,
他用瀉根植物的根莖去修補這條繩子,
So that the leaves and tendrils of the vine
如此蔓藤的葉子和捲鬚
Hung like a votive garland at a shrine.
像一個奉獻的花環掛在神廟。
By chance it happened that in Atri dwelt
在阿特里的居民裡,偶然的發生這樣的事。
A knight, with spur on heel and sword in belt,
一個騎士,他靴的後跟有馬刺,劍插在皮帶,
Who loved to hunt the wild-boar in the woods,
他愛在森林裡獵打野生的野豬,
Who loved his falcons with their crimson hoods,
他愛他的獵鷹與深紅色的頭巾,
Who loved his hounds and horses, and all sports
他愛他的獵狗和馬,喜愛所有的運動
And prodigalities of camps and courts; --
喜歡軍隊的奢侈生活和談情說愛 ; -
Loved, or had loved them; for at last, grown old,
愛,或者愛他們,最後,他垂垂老矣,
His only passion was the love of gold
他唯一渴望的是熱愛黃金。
He sold his horses, sold his hawks and hounds,
他賣掉了他的馬,賣掉了他的鷹和獵犬,
Rented his vineyards and his garden-grounds
租下他的葡萄園和他的花園式庭園
Kept but one steed, his favorite steed of all,
只保存一匹馬,他最喜歡的馬,
To starve and shiver in a naked stall,
但現在卻在無遮蔽的馬厩裡,饑餓和顫抖著。
And day by day sat brooding in his chair,
而他天天坐在他的椅子上盤算著,
Devising plans how best to hoard and spare.
如何設計囤積和省錢的最好方法。
At length he said: "What is the use or need
To keep at my own cost this lazy steed,
最後他說:“有什麼方法,或需要,來保持我自己對這隻懶惰的馬的花費,
Eating his head off in my stables here,
When rents are low and provender is dear?
在我的馬厩裡,這頭馬也要吃,
雖然租金是低廉的,但是糧草是昂貴的?
Let him go feed upon the public ways;
I want him only for the holidays."
我要給他假期,讓牠到公共的場所吃飼料;”
So the old steed was turned into the heat;
Of the long, lonely, silent, shadeless street;
因此,這匹老馬被壓迫了;過著冗長、孤獨、沉默,在沒有陰影的街道生活。
And wandered in suburban lanes forlorn,
Barked at by dogs, and torn by brier and thorn.
而且遊蕩在絕望的郊區巷道裡,和被狗吠叫,被荊棘刺傷的日子。
One afternoon, as in that sultry clime
一天下午,因為天氣悶熱
It is the custom in the summer time,
這是這裡在夏天的習慣,
With bolted doors and window-shutters closed,
門和百葉窗都關閉,
The inhabitants of Atri slept or dozed;
阿特里的居民都在睡覺或打瞌睡;
When suddenly upon their senses fell
當突然降臨到他們的感官
The loud alarm of the accusing bell!
訴罪的鐘發出響亮的報警!
The Syndic started from his deep repose,
地方長官從他沉睡中開始驚醒,
Turned on his couch, and listened, and then rose
從床上的翻起,聽,然後起來
And donned his robes, and with reluctant pace
並且穿上了長袍,以不情願的步伐
Went panting forth into the market-place,
氣喘衝出,向前跑到市場這個地方,
Where the great bell upon its cross-beams swung,
在橫梁上的大鐘正擺動著,
Reiterating with persistent tongue,
In half-articulate jargon, the old song
他用半清晰的術語,肯定重覆的講,這老歌是:
"Some one hath done a wrong, hath done a wrong!"
But ere he reached the belfry's light arcade
“一些人所做的錯誤,所做的錯誤!”
但是不久他就到達了鐘樓的精美街道了
He saw, or thought he saw, beneath its shade,
No shape of human form of woman born,
But a poor steed dejected and forlorn,
Who with uplifted head and eager eye
Was tugging at the vines of briony.
他看見了,或者以為自己看到了,是樹蔭,
女人天生的沒有男人的型態,
但一匹可憐的馬卻垂頭喪氣和孤獨,
牠抬起頭,用渴望的眼睛
扯著瀉根的藤莖。
"Domeneddio!" cried the Syndic straight,
"This is the Knight of Atri's steed of state!
“ Domeneddio !”地方長官直接的叫,
“這是阿特里這個地方一個騎士的戰馬!
He calls for justice, being sore distressed,
And pleads his cause as loudly as the best.
它呼籲正義,痛心和悲哀,
用最大的聲音申訴他的主張。
Meanwhile from street and land a noisy crowd
與此同時,來自街道和地方上喧鬧的人群
Had rolled together like a summer cloud,
好像夏天的雲,已經層層圍起來了,
And told the story of the wretched beast
他們並且看告訴這隻動物悲慘的故事
In five-and-twenty different ways at least,
至少有二十五種不同的故事,
With much gesticulation and appeal
To heathen gods, in their excessive zeal
對於信多神教的人,在他們過度的熱情下,產生許多作法和訴求。
The Knight was called and questioned; in reply
騎士被要求和質疑;及答覆
Did not confess the fact, did not deny;
他不承認這是事實,也並沒有否認;
Treated the matter as a pleasant jest,
但將這件事當作一個有趣的玩笑,
And set at naught the Syndic and the rest,
並把地方長官和其他的人看成一文不值,
Maintaining, in an angry undertone,
在憤怒下,他保持低的聲調,
That he should do what pleased him with his own.
他應該怎麼做,隨他怎麼高興,就怎麼作。
And thereupon the Syndic gravely
並在其後,地方長官開始嚴肅的誦讀
The proclamation of the King; then said:
然後國王的宣布,說:
"Pride goeth forth on horseback grand and gay,
“傲慢降臨在馬背上的尊貴同志,
But cometh back on foot, and begs its way;
但他卻乞求用走路這個方式回來,
Fame is the fragrance of heroic deeds,
名氣是英雄事蹟的香氣,
Of flowers of chivalry and not of weeds!
是騎士的鮮花而不是雜草!
These are familiar proverbs; but I fear
這些都是熟悉的諺語,但我擔心
They never yet have reached your knightly ear.
這些從來沒有到達你騎士的耳朵。
What fair renown, what honor, what repute
什麼公平的名聲,什麼榮譽,什麼名譽
Can come to you from starving this poor brute?
可以使你來挨餓這個可憐的畜生?
He who serves well and speaks not, merits more
他為誰服務得最好,不說了,優點更多
Than they who clamor loudest at the door.
然後他們在門口以最大聲喊著。
Therefore the law decrees that as this steed
因此,法律命令,這隻馬
Served you in youth, henceforth you shall take heed
Shelter in stall, and food and field beside."
年輕時替你服務,從今以後你應該照顧牠
To comfort his old age, and to provide
為安慰牠的晚年,並提供遮蔽的馬厩,食品和牧場。“
The Knight withdrew abashed; the people all
Led home the steed in triumph to his stall.
騎士羞愧的離開;所有的人都勝利著帶這匹馬回到牠的馬廄。
The King heard and approved, and laughed in glee,
And cried aloud: "Right well it pleaseth me!
國王聽到並批准,並高興大笑,並大聲叫道:“對,作得好,我很喜歡!
Church-bells at best but ring us to the door;
教堂的鐘聲是很好的,但最好只響到我們的門口;
But go not in to mass; my bell doth more:
請不要傳到群眾裡;我們的大鐘會做得更好
It cometh into court and pleads the cause
Of creatures dumb and unknown to the laws;
牠來到法庭上,並懇求申冤,生物不會說話且不知道法律;
And this shall make, in every Christian clime,
The Bell of Atri famous for all time."
在每一個基督徒的地區,都應該這樣做的。
阿特里的鐘,永遠都是有名的。“