泰西50軼事(十六)：沃爾特·雷里爵士 江銘輝 五夢網
泰西50軼事(Fifty Famous Stories Retold)，是永恆的短篇故事，它收集的故事：包括浩瀚歷史的著名英雄和他們的羅曼史，故事內容有勇氣、毅力和情感。故事人物包括拿破崙、羅賓漢，喬治華盛頓、成吉思汗等人。這些故事都是老少鹹宜的故事，我將它逐篇翻譯，並配合圖畫，供大家欣賞。
泰西50軼事(十六)：沃爾特·雷里爵士
原文及翻譯如下：
Sir Walter Raleigh
沃爾特·雷里爵士
THERE once lived in England a brave and noble man whose name was Walter Raleigh. He was not only brave and noble, but he was also handsome and polite; and for that reason the queen made him a knight, and called him Sir Walter Raleigh.
從前，英格蘭有一個勇敢而高貴的人，他的名字叫做沃爾特·雷里(圖1)，他不僅勇敢、高貴，並且是英俊而有禮貌，因此女王封他為騎士，並叫他為沃爾特·雷里爵士。
圖1：沃爾特·雷里(本文摘自維基百科；作者：'H' monogrammist (floruit 1588)
I will tell you about it.
When Raleigh was a young man, he was one day walking along a street in London. At that time the streets were not paved, and there were no sidewalks. Raleigh was dressed in very fine style, and he wore a beautiful scarlet cloak thrown over his shoulders.
我將告訴你關於他的故事。
當雷里還是一個年青人的時候，他有一天，在倫敦的街道上。那時的街道還沒鋪平，也沒有人行道。雷里穿著非常時髦，肩上披著一件鮮紅色的披風。
As he passed along, he found it hard work to keep from stepping in the mud, and soiling his handsome new shoes. Soon he came to a puddle of muddy water which reached from one side of the street to the other. He could not step across.
Perhaps he could jump over it.
當他沿途走著，發現要避免踩到污泥、不弄髒他漂亮的新鞋子是件很困難的事。不一會兒，他來到了一個泥濘的水潭前，而從街道的這邊到另一邊必須經過這泥水潭，他不能走過去。除非他能跳過去這泥水潭。
As he was thinking what he should do, he happened to look up. Who was it coming down the street, on the other side of the puddle?
正當他思考著他該怎麼辦時，他偶然抬頭一看，是誰沿著街道走過來，站立在水潭的那一邊？
It was Elizabeth, the Queen of England, with her train of gentlewomen and waiting maids. She saw the dirty puddle in the street. She saw the
handsome young man with the scarlet cloak, standing by the side of it. Howwas she to get across?
是英格蘭的伊莉莎白女王，和一隊宮娥和侍女在那兒。她看到了街上污濁的泥水潭，也看到了一個穿著鮮紅色披風的英俊青年站在泥潭的那邊。她怎麼走過去呢？
Young Raleigh, when he saw who was coming, forgot about himself. He thought only of helping the queen. There was only one thing that he could do, and no other man would have thought of that.
當年輕的雷里看到了女王，他忘掉了自己，只想著怎麼去幫助女王。他只有想到唯一能做的只有一個辦法，那是別人想不到的。
He took off his scarlet cloak, and spread it across the puddle. The queen could step on it now, as on a beautiful carpet.
他脫下他鮮紅的披風，把它鋪開在了泥水潭上。現在女王可以過去了，就像走在漂亮的地毯上。(圖2)
圖2：雷里脫下鮮紅的披風，把它鋪開在了泥水潭上。現在女王可以過去了。
She walked across. She was safely over the ugly puddle, and her feet had not touched the mud. She paused a moment, and thanked the young man.
女王走過去了，她安全地經過了骯髒的水潭，腳上沒有沾上泥漿。她躊躇了一會兒，才向這個年輕人道謝。
As she walked onward with her train, she asked one of the gentlewomen,“Who is that brave gentleman who helped us so handsomely?”
“His name is Walter Raleigh,”said the gentlewoman.
“He shall have his reward,”said the queen.
當她和隊伍向前走時，她問其中一個宮娥：“那個慷慨幫助我們的勇敢紳士是誰？”
“他的名字叫做沃爾特·雷里，”宮娥回答。
“他應該得到獎賞，”女王說。
Not long after that, she send for Raleigh to come to her palace.
The young man went, but he had no scarlet cloak to wear. Then, while all the great men and fine ladies of England stood around, the queen made him a knight. And from that time he was known as Sir Walter Raleigh, the
Queen’s favourite.
那件事情過了不久之後，她派人叫雷里到她的宮殿去。
雷里去了，但是他沒有鮮紅的披風可穿了。當時，英格蘭所有的達官貴婦都圍在旁邊，女王把他封為騎士。從那時起，人們都知道了沃爾特·雷里爵是女王的寵臣。(圖3)
圖3：雷里晉見女王，女王把他封為騎士。
Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Humphrey Gilbert, about whom I have already told you, were half-brothers.
When Sir Humphrey made his first voyage to America, Sir Walter was with him. After that, Sir Walter tried several times to send men to this new country to make a settlement.
沃爾特·雷里爵士和我曾提到過的漢弗雷·吉伯特爵士是同母異父的兄弟。
當漢弗雷爵士第一次航海去美洲的時候，沃爾特爵士也跟著他。之後，沃爾特爵士又試著幾次派人到這個新大陸去開拓殖民地。
But those whom he sent found only great forests, and wild beasts, and savage Indians. Some of them went back to England; some of them died forwant of food; and some of them were lost in the woods. At last Sir Walter gave up trying to get people to go to America.
但是那些他派出去的人只發現了大片的森林和野獸，和野蠻的印第安人。他們中有的回到了英格蘭，有的因缺乏食物而餓死，還有的在森林裡迷了路，下落不明。最後，沃爾特爵士只能放棄派人去美洲的嘗試了。
But he found two things in that country which the people of England knew very little about. One was the potato, the other was tobacco.
If you should ever go to Ireland, you may be shown the place where Sir Walter planted the few potatoes which he carried over from America. He told his friends how the Indians used them for food; and he proved that they would grow in the Old World as well as in the New.
但是，他在那個大陸發現了兩樣英國人不知道的東西：一個是馬鈴薯，另一個是煙草。
如果你去過愛爾蘭，也許有人會指給你看沃爾特爵士種植的少量馬鈴薯的土地，那是他從美洲帶回來的。他告訴他的朋友們印第安人怎樣把它們當作食物，並且他證明它們在舊大成長得和新大陸一樣好。
Sir Walter had seen the Indians smoking the leaves of the tobacco plant. He thought that he would do the same, and he carried some of the leaves to England. Englishmen had never used tobacco before that time; and all who saw Sir Walter puffing away at a roll of leaves thought that it was a strange sight.
沃爾特爵士曾看到印第安人點燃煙草樹上的葉子，並且吸著。他想他也可以那樣做，於是帶了一些煙葉回英格蘭。在那之前，英格蘭人從沒吸過煙草。所有看到沃爾特爵士吸著一卷葉子，噴出陣陣煙霧的人，都覺得那是件奇特的景象。
One day as he was sitting in his chair and smoking, his servant came into the room. The man saw the smoke curling over his master’s head, and he thought that he was on fire.
一天，當他正坐在椅子上抽煙時，他的僕人走進了房間。僕人看見主人頭上纏繞著陣陣煙霧，以為他著了火。
He ran out for some water. He found a pail that was quite full. He hurried back, and threw the water into Sir Walter’s face. Of course the fire was all put out.
他跑出去取水，找到一隻裝滿了水的桶。他飛快地跑回來，把水潑到沃爾特爵士的臉上。當然，火全都熄滅了。(圖4)
圖4：僕人跑出去取水，找到一隻裝滿了水的桶，把水潑到沃爾特爵士的臉上。
After that a great many men learned to smoke. And now tobacco is used in all countries of the world. It would have been well if Sir Walter Raleigh had let it alone.
從那以後，許多人開始學會抽煙。現在，抽煙已在世界各國漫延。當時如果瓦爾特爵士沒去理會它就好了。
沃爾特·雷里爵士簡介
沃爾特·雷里爵士（ Sir Walter Raleigh： 1554年至1529年-1618年）是英國的貴族、作家、詩人、軍人、政治家、朝臣、間諜，和探險家。他也是眾所周知英國的煙草推廣先驅。
雷里出生在英國德文郡的一個新教徒家庭，沃爾特·里利(父子同名)和凱瑟琳‧錢珀瑙恩(Katherine Champernowne)的兒子。沒有人知道他早期的生活，僅知道他在愛爾蘭、奇陸亞(Killua)城、堡克朗梅倫(Clonmellon)、 韋斯特米斯郡(County Westmeath)等地待過，參加叛軍的鎮壓和參與史莫維克(Smerwick)的圍攻。
後來，他沒收愛爾蘭的土地成為地主。他受到女王伊麗莎白一世的青睞，地位迅速上升，並於1585年被封為爵士。為了幫助英國在北美的殖民，雷里被皇家授予專利，去探索弗吉尼亞(Virginia)，為未來的英國的殖民地鋪下了道路。
1591年，他在沒有女王的許可細下，他秘密地與伊麗莎白‧思羅克莫頓(Elizabeth Throckmorton)結婚，思羅克莫頓是女王的女士的侍女，因此激怒了女王，他和他的妻子監禁在倫敦塔。後來被釋放，夫妻二人隱居在他的莊園多塞特郡(Dorset)的舍伯恩(Sherborne)。
1594年，雷里聽說南美洲有一個“黃金之城”和他航行並找到它，出版一本書，在書中他誇大陳述他的經驗，促成了"埃爾多拉多" (El Dorado：西班牙幻想的“黃金國”)的傳說。
之後，伊麗莎白女王於1603年去世，他被捲入反對國王詹姆斯一世(King James I)，雷里再次被囚禁在倫敦塔。
在1616年，他被釋放，領導第二次探險，尋找"埃爾多拉多"的黃金國。這次失敗了，他麾下的人洗劫了一個西班牙的警戒部隊。他回到了英格蘭，並安撫西班牙，但在1618年被逮捕並處決。
雷里是伊麗莎白時代的最著名的人物之一。 2002年，他在在BBC民調中被列為古代英國100個最偉大的人之一。
雷里他和艾德蒙．斯賓塞(詩人，著有敘事詩《仙后》(The Faerie Queene)及和克里斯多福·馬羅等文學家來往甚密，本身在倫敦塔幽禁期間也編纂了《世界史》(The Historie of the World)一書，是名廣泛閱讀文學、歷史、航海術、數學、天文學、化學、植物學等著作的知識分子，更是名外貌英俊的男子。
「誰控制了海洋，誰就控制了貿易；誰控制了世界貿易，誰就控制了世界的財富，最後也就控制了世界本身。」
當他走向斷頭臺時，仍表現出他那詼諧的個性，面對劊子手握著的利刃，他風趣地說：“這種藥的藥力太猛，不過倒是能治百病。”(圖5)這句話的意思是說送上斷頭台的人，就一了百了，永遠沒有煩惱了。
圖5：雷里被處決(The Popular History of England的插圖)