盖茨堡演说(Gettysburg Address)的来龙去脉
南北战争是美国史上最惨烈的一役,双方死亡高达六十一万余。盖茨堡战役于1863年7月在宾夕法尼亚小镇的街上及其周围地区展开,持续了三天之久。此次战役是南北战争的转折点。为北军奠定了胜利的基础。国会决定把这一片曾有许多英勇战士牺牲生命的战场建为国家公墓。林肯总统接受David Wills的邀请,亲自于1863年11月19从华盛顿前来为此墓地举行揭幕典礼。揭幕时,他发表演说,哀悼长达5个半月的盖茨堡战役阵亡的将士。期望美国在上帝的庇佑之下,得到重新获得自由,成为民有、民治、民享的政府永不在地球上消灭。
图:林肯(Abraham Lincoln,公元1809~1865年)1861年当选美国总统,1865年遭暗杀于任。
盖兹堡演说全文 1863年11月19日林肯演讲(江铭辉译)
87年前,我们的祖先在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,生长在自由之中,信仰人生平等的原则。
现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战,考验这个国家,或任何一个有自由和平等信仰的国家是否会长久生存下去?今日大家聚集在这场伟大战争的战场上。我们来到这里是为使这个战场能有部分的土地献给那些为国家生存而牺牲的烈士们,作为他们最后安息的场所。我们这样做完全是正确且适当的。
但是广义说,在这块土地上,我们无法去奉献,也无法神圣化。因为那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们(无论活着的和去世的)都已经将它圣化了,他们的贡献远超过我们微薄的力量,不是我们能够增减的。
我们今天在这里所说的,也许全世界不会太注意,也不会被永远记住,但烈士们在这里所做的一切,将永远不会被忘记。我宁可说,我们这些还活着的人应该在这里继续奉献完成战场上先烈们所推动未完成的崇高任务。在此,我们应该把自己献给摆在眼前的伟大任务--要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的奉献精神,彻底完成他们已经牺牲之事业--我们在此下定最大的决心,不让这些烈士白白牺牲;我们要使这个国家在上帝的庇佑下重新得到自由,使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永不在地球上消灭。
Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.